Abstract：A multi-feature based online signature verification algorithm is presented that synthesizes global features, segment features, force series and shape series. A novel digital tablet called F_Tablet is used to capture both the shape series and the three-dimensional force series. Firstly, global features are extracted from the signature and weight function of features is defined to select the personalized global features and separate the genuine signatures from the fake ones. A probability method is used based on global features. Then, the signature is segmented and the segment features are extracted. A hidden Markov model is established based on segment features. The force series and shape series are matched with dynamic time warping. Finally, the multi-feature is synthesized to verify the test signatures and the proposed algorithm achieves equal error rate of 1.5%.
[1] Kiran G V, Kunte R S R, Samuel S. Online Signature Verification System Using Probabilistic Feature Modelling // Proc of the 6th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications. Salt Lake City, USA, 2001: 355-358 [2] Griess F D. Project Report: On-line Signature Verification [EB/OL]. [2001-05-01]. http://www.cse.msu.edu/publications/tech/TR/MSVCSE-00-15.ps [3] Plamondon R, Lorette G. Automatic Signature Verification and Writer Identification－The State of the Art. Pattern Recognition,1989, 22(2): 107-131 [4] Meng Min, Wu Zhongcheng, Yu Yong, et al. Online Signature Verification Based on Segment Features and HMM. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence,2007, 20(1): 95-100 (in Chinese) (孟 明,吴仲城,余 勇,等.基于笔段特征和HMM的在线签名认证方法研究.模式识别与人工智能, 2007, 20(1): 95-100) [5] Yuan Yuliang, Shen Feng, Yang Fei, et al. The Design and Implementation of a Dynamic Handwritten Signature Verification System Based on HMM. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 2004, 17(2): 146-150 (in Chinese) (袁余良,沈 峰,杨 飞,等.一个基于HMM 的动态手写签名认证系统的设计与实现.模式识别与人工智能, 2004, 17(2): 146-150) [6] Zhang D, Jing Xiaoyuan, Yang Jian. Biometric Images Discrimination Technologies. Hershey, USA: Idea Group Publishing, 2005 [7] Li Bin, Zhang D,Wang Kuanquan. Online Signature Verification Based on Null Component Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Pattern Analysis and Applications, 2006, 8(4): 345-356 [8] Zhang Liping, Wu Zhongcheng. On-line Handwritten Signature Verification Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform to Extract Characteristic Points. Journal of Computer Applications, 2006, 26(10): 2496-2498 (in Chinese) (张丽平,吴仲城.基于小波变换提取特征点的在线手写签名认证算法.计算机应用, 2006, 26(10): 2496-2498) [9] Nakanishi I, Nishiguchi N, Itoh Y, et al. On-line Signature Verification Method Utilizing Feature Extraction Based on DWT. IEEE Trans on Information Theory, 2003, 38(2): 691-712 [10] Kim S H, Park M S, Kim J. Applying Personalized Weights to a Feature Set for On-line Signature Verification // Proc of the 3rd International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. Montreal, Canada, 1995: 882-885 [11] Wijesoma W S, Ma Mingming, Sung E. Selecting Optimal Personalized Features for On-line Signature Verification Using GA // Proc of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Nashville, USA, 2000, Ⅳ: 2740-2745 [12] Parizeau M, Plamondon R. A Comparative Analysis of Regional Correlation, Dynamic Time Warping, and Skeletal Tree Matching for Signature Verification. IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1999, 12(7): 710-717 [13] Leclerc F, Plamondon R. Automatic Signature Verification: The State of the Art. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 1994, 8(3): 643-660 [14] Wu Zhongcheng, Fang Ping, Meng Ming, et al. A Novel Force Sensitive Tablet for Handwriting Information Acquisition // Proc of the Chinese Conference on Biometric Recognition. Guangzhou, China, 2004: 654-662 [15] Ma Mingming, Wijesoma W S, Sung E. An Automatic On-line Signature Verification System Based on Three Models. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 4(5): 20-25 [16] Kiran G V, Kunte R S R, Samuel S. On-line Signature Verification System Using Probabilistic Feature Modelling // Proc of the 6th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2001, Ⅰ: 355-358 [17] Zhang Dahai, Wang Zengfu. Online Signature Verification Based on Feature Extraction and Personalized Feature. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 2009, 22(4): 619-623 (in Chinese) (张大海,汪增福.用于在线签名认证的特征提取和个性化特征选择.模式识别与人工智能, 2009, 22(4): 619-623) [18] Rabiner L R. A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition. Proc of the IEEE, 1989, 77(2): 257-286 [19] Rabiner L R, Juang B H. An Introduction to Hidden Markov Models. IEEE ASSP Magazine, 1986, 3(1): 4-16
2009, Vol. 22 
