|
|
|
| Formal Model of Emotional Agent |
| ZHANG Dong-Lei1,2, SHI Zhong-Zhi1, PAN Yu1,2 |
1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 |
|
|
|
|
Abstract A formal model of emotional agent is presented to make an agent have the ability of handling emotions. Three sub-models, agent's mental state model, agent's mental state update model and the final emotional agent model, are defined progressively on three levels. By the theoretical update process axioms of several basic emotions, the model is proved to sufficiently embody emotional agent's essential characteristics and running mechanism. It has strong ability of representation and can be easily extended, which provide theoretical foundation for the construction of emotion rule base that supports emotion reasoning. The specific emotion update process and architecture of emotional agent are described. Simulation results show that the emotional agent can elicit emotions properly and make more intelligent decision, which proves the validity of the proposed model.
|
|
Received: 10 June 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Rao A S, Georgeff M P. Deliberation and Intentions. Technical Report, 10, Adelaide, Australia: Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, 1991
[2] Damasio A. Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York, USA: Harper Perennial, 1995
[3] Goleman D. Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. New York, USA: Bantam Books, 1995
[4] Bates J. The Role of Emotion in Believable Agents. Communications of the ACM, 1994, 37(7): 122-125
[5] Pan Yu, Cao Cungen, Sui Yuefei. A Logic of Believable Agents // Proc of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics. Beijing, China, 2006: 185-194
[6] Ortony A, Clore G, Collins A. The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988
[7] Reisenzein R. Appraisal Processes Conceptualized from a Schema-Theoretic Perspective: Contributions to a Process Analysis of Emotions // Scherer K R, Schorr A, eds. Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2001, 187-201
[8] Roseman I J. Cognitive Determinants of Emotion: A Structural Theory. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 1984, 5: 11-36
[9] Scherer K R. Studying the Emotion-Antecedent Appraisal Process: An Expert System Approach. Cognition and Emotion, 1993, 7(3/4): 325-355
[10] Frijda N. Appraisal and Beyond: The Issue of Cognitive Determinants of Emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 1993, 7(3/4): 225-232
[11] Sloman A. Varieties of Affect and the CogAff Architecture Schema // Proc of the AISB’01 Symposium on Emotion, Cognition, and Affective Computing. York, UK, 2001: 39-48
[12] Gratch J, Marsella S. A Domain- Independent Framework for Modeling Emotion. Journal of Cognitive Systems Research, 2004, 5(4): 269-306
[13] Elliott C D. The Affective Reasoner: A Process Model of Emotions in a Multi-Agent System. Ph.D Dissertation. Evanston, USA: Northwestern University. Institute for the Learning Sciences, 1992
[14] Reilly W S, Bates J. Building Emotional Agents. Technical Report, CMU-CS-92-143, Pittsburgh, USA: Carnegie Mellon University. School of Computer Science, 1992
[15] Loyall A B, Reilly W S N, Bates J, et al. System for Authoring Highly Interactive, Personality-Rich Interactive Characters // Proc of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation. Grenoble, France, 2004: 59-68
[16] Zhang Donglei, Cao Cungen, Yong Xi, et al. A Survey of Computational Emotion Research // Proc of the 5th International Working Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Kos, Greece, 2005: 490
[17] Zhang Donglei, Cao Cungen, Pan Yu, et al. An Analysis of Current Computational Emotion Models and Systems // Proc of the 2nd Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Pune, India, 2005: 511- 526
[18] Zhang Donglei, Yong Xi, Cao Cungen. Research on Behavior and Emotion for Intelligent Story Generation. Information Technology Letters, 2006, 4(5): 14-25 (in Chinese)
(张冬蕾,雍 兮,曹存根.智能故事生成中的行为和情绪研究.信息技术快报, 2006, 4(5): 16-25)
[19] Hu Jun, Shi Zhongzhi, Wang Maoguang, et al. Model of Emotion Agent. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2007, 43(1): 30-32 (in Chinese)
(胡 军,史忠植,王茂光,等.情感智能主体模型.计算机工程与应用, 2007, 43(1): 30-32)
[20] Yang Hongwei, Pan Zhigeng, Liu Gengdai. A Comprehensive Computational Model of Emotions. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2008, 45(4): 579-587 (in Chinese)
(杨宏伟,潘志庚,刘更代.一种综合可计算情感建模方法.计算机研究与发展, 2008, 45(4): 579-587)
[21] Daviet S, Desmier H, Briand H, et al. A System of Emotional Agents for Decision-Support // Proc of the IEEE/ WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology. Compiegne, France, 2005: 711-717
[22] Jiang Hong, Vidal J M, Huhns M N. EBDI: An Architecture for Emotional Agents // Proc of the 6th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. Honolulu, USA, 2007: 38-40
[23] Pereira D, Oliveira E, Moreira N. Formal Modelling of Emotions in BDI Agents. Technical Report, DCC-2007-04, Porto, Portugal: University of Porto. DCC-FC & LIACC, 2007
[24] Woolridge M. Reasoning about Rational Agents. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press, 2000
[25] van der Hoek W, van Linder B, Meyer J J. An Integrated Modal Approach to Rational Agents // Wooldridge M, Rao A, eds. Foundations of Rational Agency, Applied Logic Series 14. Kluwer, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998: 133-168
[26] Meyer J J C. Reasoning about Emotional Agents. International Journal of Intelligence Systems, 2006, 21(6): 601-619
[27] Adam C, Gaudou B, Herzig A, et al. OCC's Emotions: A Formalization in a BDI Logic // Proc of 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems and Applications. Varna, Bulgaria, 2006: 24-32
[28] Adam C. The Emotions: From Psychological Theories to Logical Formalization and Implementation in a BDI Agent. Ph.D Dissertation. Toulouse, France: Institute National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 2007
[29] Ochs M, Niewiadomski R, Pelachaud C, et al. Intelligent Expressions of Emotions // Proc of the 1st International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. Beijing, China, 2005: 707-714
[30] Wang Maoguang, Luo Jiewen, Lin Fen, et al. Internet Intelligent Platform-AGrIP // Proc of the Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations II. Beijing, China, 2005: 363-370 |
|
|
|
2009, Vol. 22 
