|
|
|
| An α-Expansion Stereo Algorithm Based on Segment-Constraint |
| LU A-Li,TANG Zhen-Min |
| School of Computer Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094 |
|
|
|
|
Abstract An improved stereo algorithm based on graph cuts is developed. Firstly, a robust and adaptive energy function is defined and its graph-representability is proved. The function employs rank transform to reduce noises of data term and utilizes adaptive truncated liner model based on color similarity to preserve the discontinuities of disparity. Secondly, the complexity of the existing graph cuts based stereo algorithms is analyzed, and an α-expansion operation based on segment-constraint is presented. According to disparity smoothness in color connectivity regions, the search range for every pixel is reduced and distance transform is introduced to get candidate correspondences of the disparity α as vertices of the constructed graph in each expansion, thus the computation cost of the maximum flow on graphs is reduced. Finally, α-expansion is operated in descending sequence of the disparity distribution to reduce the total number of iteration. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can effectively raise the computation efficiency and matching accuracy of stereo ones based on graph cuts.
|
|
Received: 16 March 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Chen Huahua. Vision-Based Navigation: Stereo Vision and Path Planning. Ph.D Dissertatio. Hangzhou, China: Zhejiang University. Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, 2005 (in Chinese)
(陈华华.视觉导航关键技术研究:立体视觉和路径规划.博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学.信息与电子工程系, 2005)
[2] Zhang Aiwu, Li Mingzhe, Hu Shaoxing. New Stereo Precise Matching Method for 3D Surface Measurement with Computer Vision. Optical Technique, 2001, 27(2): 115-117 (in Chinese)
(张爱武,李明哲,胡少兴.一种用于三维曲面视觉测量的立体精匹配方法.光学技术, 2001, 27(2): 115-117)
[3] Bai Ming, Zhuang Yan, Wang Wei. Progress in Binocular Stereo Matching Algorithms. Control and Decision, 2008, 23(7): 721-729 (in Chinese)
(白 明,庄 严,王 伟.双目立体匹配算法的研究与进展.控制与决策, 2008, 23(7): 721-729)
[4] Boykov Y, Veksler O, Zabih R. Markov Random Fields with Efficient Approximations // Proc of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Santa Barbara, USA, 1998: 648-655
[5] Ishikawa H, Geiger D. Occlusions, Discontinuities, and Epipolar Lines in Stereo// Proc of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision. Freiburg, Germany, 1998: 232-248
[6] Zabin R, Veksler O. Efficient Graph-Based Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision. New York, USA: Cornell University Press, 1999
[7] Kolmogorov V, Zabih R. Computing Visual Correspondence with Occlusions Using Graph Cuts// Proc of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. Vancouver, Canada, 2001, II: 508-515
[8] Ford L, Fulkerson D. Flows in Networks. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press, 1962
[9] Boykov Y, Kolmogorov V. An Experimental Comparison of Min-Cut/ Max-Flow Algorithms for Energy Minimization in Vision. IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2004, 26(9): 1124-1137
[10] Hong Li, Chen G. Segment-Based Stereo Matching Using Graph Cuts // Proc of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Washington, USA, 2004, Ⅰ: 74-81
[11] Bleyer M, Gelautz M. Graph-Cut-Based Stereo Matching Using Image Segmentation with Symmetrical Treatment of Occlusions. Image Communication, 2007, 22(2): 127-143
[12] Deng Yi, Yang Qiong, Lin Xueyin, et al. Stereo Correspondence with Occlusion Handling in a Symmetric Patch-Based Graph-Cuts Model. IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2007, 29(6): 1068-1079
[13] Yin Chuanli, Liu Dongmei, Song Jianzhong. An Improved Image Segmentation Based Stereo Matching Algorithm. Journal of Computer Aided Design Computer Graphics, 2008, 20(6): 808- 812 (in Chinese)
(尹传历,刘冬梅,宋建中.改进的基于图像分割的立体匹配算法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2008, 20(6): 808- 812)
[14] Vladimir K, Zabih R. What Energy Functions Can Be Minimized via Graph Cuts? IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2004, 26(2): 147-159
[15] Boykov Y, Veksler O, Zabih R. Fast Approximate Energy Minimization via Graph Cuts. IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2001, 23(11): 1222-1239
[16] Birchfield S, Tomasi C. Depth Discontinuities by Pixel-to-Pixel Stereo. International Journal of Computer Vision, 1999, 35(3): 269-293
[17] Banks J, Bennamoun M. Reliability Analysis of the Rank Transform for Stereo Matching. IEEE Trans on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2001, 31(6): 870-880
[18] Wei Yichen, Quan Long. Region-Based Progressive Stereo Matching// Proc of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Washington, USA, 2004, Ⅰ: 106-113
[19] Bleyer M, Gelautz M. A Layered Stereo Algorithm Using Image Segmentation and Global Visibility Constraints // Proc of the International Conference on Image Processing. Singapore, Singapore, 2004, V: 2997-3000
[20] Bobick A F, Intille S S. Large Occlusion Stereo. International Journal of Computer Vision, 1999, 33(3): 181-200
[21] Borgefors G. Distance Transformations in Digital Images. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 1986, 34(3): 344-371
[22] Veksler O. Reducing Search Space for Stereo Correspondence with Graph Cuts// Proc of the 17th British Conference on Machine Vision. Edinburgh, UK, 2006, II: 709-718
[23] Scharstein D, Szeliski R. A Taxonomy and Evaluation of Dense Two-Frame Stereo Correspondence Algorithms. International Journal of Computer Vision, 2002, 47(1/2/3): 7-42
[24] Comaniciu D, Meer P. Mean Shift: A Robust Approach toward Feature Space Analysis. IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2002, 24 (5): 603-619
[25] Kolmogorov V, Zabih R. Multi-Camera Scene Reconstruction via Graph Cuts// Proc of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision. Copenhagen, Denmark, 2002, III: 82-96
[26] Sun Jian, Zheng Nanning, Shum H Y. Stereo Matching Using Belief Propagation. IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2003, 25(7): 787-800 |
|
|
|
2010, Vol. 23 
