Abstract A 3D face recognition algorithm based on a local descriptor is presented. The local feature of every sampling point is defined as the area projected by the points in the neighborhood whose size is determined by the angle of normal vector and 3 axes. The contour lines being equidistant with the nose tip are firstly extracted after the original face is preprocessed and normalized to the same posture. Then, the useful sampling points in the contour lines are selected by resampling and local features of these useful sampling points are extracted. Finally, the relationships of corresponding points between faces are established and the local features with weighted fusion are used for matching. Experimental results certify that the proposed method obtains better recognition rate and is robust to occlusion and spikes.
[1] Zhao W,Chenllappa R,Philips P J,et al.Face Recognition: A Literature Survey.ACM Computing Surveys,2003,35(4): 399-458 [2] Martinez A M.Recognizing Imprecisely Localized,Partially Occluded,and Expression Variant Faces from a Single Sample per Class.IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,2002,24(6): 748-763 [3] Bowyer K W,Chang K I,Flynn P J.A Survey of Approaches and Challenges in 3D and Multi-Modal 3D+2D Face Recognition.Computer Vision and Image Understanding,2006,101(1): 1-15 [4] Blanz V,Vetter T.Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model.IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,2003,25(9): 1063-1074 [5] Li Xiaoli,Da Feipeng.Robust 3D Face Recognition Based on Rejection and Adaptive Region Selection // Proc of the 9th Asian Conference on Computer Vision.Xian,China,2010: 581-590 [6] Nagamine T,Uemura T,Masuda I.3D Facial Image Analysis for Human Identification // Proc of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition.Hague,Netherlands,1992: 324-327 [7] Horn B K P.Extended Gaussian Image.Proc of the IEEE,1984,72(12): 1671-1686 [8] Gordon G G.Face Recognition Based on Depth and Curvature Features // Proc of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.Champaign,USA,1992: 808-810 [9] Chua C S,Han F,Ho Y K.3D Human Face Recognition Using Point Signature // Proc of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition.Grenoble,France,2000: 233-238 [10] Chua C S,Jarvis R.Point Signatures: A New Representation for 3D Object Recognition.International Journal of Computer Vision,1997,25(1): 63-85 [11] Johnson A E,Hebert M.Surface Matching for Object Recognition in Complex Three-Dimensional Scenes.Image and Vision Computing,1998,16(9/10): 635-651 [12] Johnson A E,Hebert M.Using Spin Images for Efficient Object Recognition in Cluttered 3D Scenes.IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1999,21(5): 433-449 [13] Wang Yueming,Pan Gang,Wu Zhaohui,et al.Sphere-Spin-Image: A Viewpoint Invariant Surface Representation for 3D Face Recognition // Proc of the 4th International Conference on Computational Science.Krakow,Poland,2004: 427-434 [14] Lowe D G.Object Recognition from Local Scale Invariant Features // Proc of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.Kerkyra,Greece,1999: 1150 -1157 [15] Dorai C,Jain A K.COSMOS-A Representation Scheme for 3D Free- Form Objects.IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1997,19(10): 1115-1130 [16] Zhang Guangpeng,Wang Yunhong.Faceprint: Fusion of Local Features for 3D Face Recognition // Proc of the 3rd International Conference on Advances in Biometrics.Hong Kong,China,2009: 394-403 [17] Wang Yueming,Liu Jianzhuang,Tang Xiaoou.Robust 3D Face Recognition by Local Shape Difference Boosting // Proc of the European Conference on Computer Vision.Marseille,France,2008: 603-616 [18] Wang Yueming,Liu Jianzhuang,Tang Xiaoou.Robust 3D Face Recognition by Local Shape Difference Boosting.IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,2010,32(10): 1858-1870 [19] Mian A S,Bennamoun M,Owens R.Face Recognition Using 2D and 3D Multimodal Local Features // Proc of the 2nd International Symposium on Visual Computing.Lake Tahoe,USA,2006: 860-870 [20] Mian A S,Bennamoun M,Owens R.Keypoint Detection and Local Feature Matching for Textured 3D Face Recognition.International Journal of Computer Vision,2008,79(1): 1-12 [21] Al-Osaimi F R,Bennamoun M,Mian A.Integration of Local and Global Geometrical Cues for 3D Face Recognition.Pattern Recognition,2008,41(3): 1030-1040 [22] Berretti S,Del B A,Pala P.3D Face Recognition Using Iso-Geodesic Stripes. IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,2010,32(12): 2162-2177
2012, Vol. 25 
