Abstract：A method of face contour detection based on facial features and a fast method of face pose estimation are proposed. The contour detection method divides the face image into 9 regions according to the distribution of the facial features. In the selected regions, the crude face contours are detected and fitted by cubic polynomials. Finally, the complete face contour is achieved by connecting the contours in the selected regions. In order to estimate the facial 3D pose quickly and accurately, area model and approximate plane model are proposed according to the symmetry of the face. The experimental results indicate that the proposed contour detection method can achieve reasonable face contours even from face images with complex background and varying pose. Compared with other detection methods, the advantage of the proposed method is that the model is simpler and the computing is faster.
胡元奎，汪增福. 快速的人脸轮廓检测及姿态估计算法[J]. 模式识别与人工智能, 2006, 19(5): 652-657.
HU Yuan-Kui, WANG Zeng-Fu. Fast Algorithm for Face Contour Detection and Pose Estimation. , 2006, 19(5): 652-657.
[1] Yokoyama T, Yagi Y, Yachida M. Active Contour Model for Extracting Human Faces // Proc of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Brisbane, Australia, 1998, Ⅰ: 673-676 [2] Sun Darui, Zhou Zhaojie, Wu Lenan. Face Boundary Extraction by Statistical Constraint Active Contour Model // Proc of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks and Signal Processing. Nanjing, China, 2003: 371-373 [3] Gunn S R, Nixon M S. Global and Local Active Contours for Head Boundary Extraction. International Journal of Computer Vision, 1998, 30(1): 43-54 [4] Harper P, Reilly R B. Color Based Video Segmentation Using Level Sets // Proc of the International Conference on Image Processing. Vancouver, Canada, 2000: 480-483 [5] Cootes T F, Taylor C J, Cooper D H, et al. Active Shape Models-Their Training and Applications. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 1995, 61(1): 38-59 [6] Cootes T F, Edwards G J, Taylor C J. Active Appearance Models // Proc of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision. Freiburg, Germany, 1998: 484-498 [7] Huang F Z, Su J B. Multiple Faces Contour Detection Based on Geometric Active Contours // Proc of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. Seoul, Korea, 2004: 385-390 [8] Lucchese L, Mitra S K. Color Image Segmentation: A State-of-the-Art Survey // Proc of the Indian National Science Academy. New Delhi, India, 2001: 207-221 [9] Yang J F, Tan T N, Hu W M. Face Contour Construction with Multiple Information // Proc of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. Seoul, Korea, 2004: 451-456 [10] Stiefelhagen R, Yang J, Waile A. A Model-Based Gaze Tracking System. International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools, 1997, 6(2): 193-209 [11] Horprasert T, Yacoob Y, Davis L S. Computing 3D Head Orientation from a Monocular Image Sequence // Proc of International Conference on Face and Gesture Recognition. Killington, USA, 1996: 242-247 [12] Gee H, Cipolla R. Determining the Gaze of Faces in Images. Image and Vision Computing, 1994, 12(10): 639-647 [13] Ji Qiang, Hu Rong. Face Pose Estimation from a Face Ellipse[EB/OL]. [2001-02-07] http://www.cse.unr.edu/~rong/Pose/Pose.html [14] Srinivasan S, Boyer K L. Head Pose Estimation Using View Based Eigenspaces // Proc of the 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Quebec, Canada, 2002, Ⅳ: 302-305 [15] Brunelli R. Estimation of Pose and Illuminant Direction for Face Processing. Image and Vision Computing, 1997, 15(10): 741-748 [16] Feng G C, Yuen P C. Variance Projection Function and Its Application to Eye Detection for Human Face Recognition. Pattern Recognition Letters,1998, 19(9): 899-906 [17] Geng Xin, Zhou Zhihua, Chen Shifu. Eye Location Based on Hybrid Projection Function. Journal of Software, 2003, 14(8): 1394-1400 (in Chinese) (耿 新, 周志华, 陈世福. 基于混合投影函数的眼睛定位.软件学报, 2003, 14(8): 1394-1400) [18] Yu Donghai. Face Recognition Based on 3D-2D Perspective Projection. Master Dissertation. Hefei, China: University of Science and Technology of China. Department of Automation, 2001 (in Chinese) (于东海. 基于3D-2D透视投影交换的人面识别方法. 硕士学位论文. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学. 自动化系, 2001) [19] Li Huasheng, Yang Hua, Yuan Baozong. Feature Extration in Human Face Recognition System. Journal of Northern Jiaotong University, 2001, 25(2): 18-21 (in Chinese) (李华胜,杨 桦,袁保宗. 人脸识别系统中的特征提取. 北方交通大学学报, 2001, 25(2): 18-21) [20] Zheng Ying. Facial Feature Location and 3D Human Face Synthesis. Bachelor Dissertation. Hefei, China: University of Science and Technology of China. Department of Automation, 2004 (in Chinese) (郑 颖. 人脸特征提取与三维人脸合成.学士学位论文.合肥:中国科学技术大学. 自动化系, 2004) [21] Shashua A, Raviv T R. The Quotient Image: Class-Based Re-Rendering and Recognition with Varying Illuminations. IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2001, 23(21):129-139 [22] Fitzpatrick P. Head Pose Estimation without Manual Initialization[EB/OL]. [2004-10-18] http: //groups.csail.mit.edu/lbr/hrg/2001/paulfitz-headpose.pdf
2006, Vol. 19 
