Knowledge space theory is a scientific method for studying educational principles, and it yields a series of research findings. This paper is intended to comprehensively review the research efforts on knowledge space theory. Firstly, the methods and principles of constructing knowledge structures are elaborated, the research contents related to the wellgradedness are introduced, and their importance to the study of knowledge space theory is underscored. The related work of surmise relation is summarized, as well as the research methods between problems and between items. Then, research progress of competence-based knowledge space theory is delineated from three aspects: skill maps, skill functions and competence-performance approaches. Furthermore, the researches combinating knowledge space theory with probability models and granular computing are outlined, including the application of knowledge space theory in assisted learning and adaptive testing. Finally, the key scientific issues are explored in the above research fields and some preliminary research ideas are provided, providing beneficial references for subsequent studies in this field.

The intelligent analysis of childhood epileptic syndrome refers to the research which aims at addressing clinical and prognostic management issues by data-driven methods such as statistical analysis and machine learning to explore clinically effective biomarkers and construct corresponding expert systems. Firstly, the definition, seizure types and classification of childhood epileptic syndrome are briefly introduced. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of the framework and typical methods of the intelligent analysis of childhood epileptic syndrome based on scalp electroencephalogram are reviewed, including data collection and preprocessing, feature extraction, decision-making systems, and expert systems. Specifically, the expert systems are divided into specific waveform detection systems, diagnostic classification systems, seizure detection systems, seizure prediction systems and quantitative assessment systems with a comprehensive summary and theoretical explanation. Finally, with the consideration of the limitations and challenges of the existing research in the field of intelligent analysis of childhood epileptic syndrome, future research directions are proposed to advance the study of intelligent analysis systems for childhood epileptic syndrome and alleviate the negative impact of the disease.